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Where advanced care in neonatal intensive care units is available, most cases of retinopathy of prematurity occur in extremely low-gestational-age neonates (gestational age of less than 28 weeks at birth).
Thus, prevalence estimates from population-based studies vary even among countries with similar neonatal intensive care facilities.
An alternative to non-uniform and intermittent data collections in many countries or regions would be occasional snapshots of the burden of severe disease in one geographical area with uniform care.23,24 Sweden now has a register (SWEDROP) for all children screened for retinopathy of prematurity, which is used to measure incidence.25 Taken as a whole, the data do not suggest that incidence has changed substantially over time.7,26-30 Perhaps increased survival of very immature infants at high risk for the disease balanced against improved neonatal intensive care can account for this finding.
Type 1 now includes a more virulent form of retinopathy in extremely low-birthweight babies (aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity), which involves very central neovascularisation with plus disease.116 Screening guidelines vary with the characteristics of the premature population and neonatal intensive care practices in different settings.
Screening cutoffs range from 30 to 35 weeks' gestational age at birth and from birthweights of 1500 to 2000 g, and depend on the extent and quality of neonatal intensive care available.
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